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Holding Period Returns Since 1946
This chart displays indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation over various periods since 1946.
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Growth of $1 Invested Since 1928
This chart shows the growth of a $1 investment in stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation.
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Calendar-Year Returns, Past 10 Years
This chart displays the performance of large-cap stocks, midcap stocks, small-cap stocks, and bonds over the past 10 calendar years.
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Stocks vs. Private Real Estate, Past 20 Years
Over the past 20 years, stocks, as measured by the S&P 500 Index, have generally outperformed real estate, as represented by the total returns of the NCREIF Property Index, although real estate has outperformed in most years this decade.
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Calendar-Year Returns, Past 25 Years
This chart shows the performance of the index representing calendar-year performance of stocks and average calendar-year returns on stocks over the past 25 years.
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Calendar-Year Returns, Past 30 Years
This chart displays the indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation over the past 30 years. The return shown for 2025 is through March 31.
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Returns by Decade Since 1926
This chart displays indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation over each decade since 1926. The first and final decades may not cover exactly 10 years.
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Returns by Decade Since 1970
This chart displays indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation over each decade since 1970. The final decade may not cover exactly 10 years.
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Holding Period Returns Since 1926
This chart displays indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation over various periods since 1926.
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Holding Period Returns, Past 30 Years
This chart displays indexes representing the performance of stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation during various intervals over the past 30 years.
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Risk and Return by Decade
This chart shows how indexes representing stocks have produced different combinations of risk and reward in different decades. Note that the first period is from 1926 to 1939 and the most recent period is from 2000 to March 31, 2025.
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Risk and Return Since 1926
This chart illustrates the historical relationship between risk and return for indexes representing stocks, bonds, cash, 60/40 portfolio, and 40/40/20 portfolio from January 1, 1926, through March 31, 2025.
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Risk and Return, Past 30 Years
This chart demonstrates the historical relationship between risk and return of the indexes representing the indicated asset classes over the 30 years ended March 31, 2025.
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Risk and Return Over 10-Year Periods Since 1926
This chart demonstrates the historical relationship between risk and return for indexes representing various asset classes from January 1, 1926, through March 31, 2025, based on 10-year holding periods.
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Risk and Return Over 10-Year Periods Since 1970
This chart demonstrates the historical relationship between risk and return for indexes representing various asset classes from January 1, 1970, through March 31, 2025, based on 10-year holding periods.
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Average Risk and Return Over 30-Year Periods Since 1926
This chart demonstrates the historical relationship between average risk and average return for indexes representing various asset classes from January 1, 1926, through March 31, 2025, based on all rolling 30-year holding periods.
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Risk and Return Over 30-Year Periods Since 1970
This chart demonstrates the historical relationship between average risk and average return for indexes representing various asset classes from January 1, 1970, through March 31, 2025, based on all rolling 30-year holding periods.
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Growth of $1 Invested Since March 31, 2005
This chart shows the potential growth of $1 investments in stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation, assuming that the investments mirrored the performance of their indicated benchmarks.
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Highest and Lowest Returns Over Various Holding Periods, Past 30 Years
This chart shows the performance of indexes representing the range of returns for stocks and bonds during the indicated periods (1 year, 3 years, etc.) through March 31, 2025.
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Risk and Return, Past 10 Years
This chart illustrates the historical relationship between risk and return for indexes representing the indicated asset types over the 10-year period ended March 31, 2025.
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Growth of $1 Invested Since March 31, 1995
This chart shows the potential growth of $1 investments in stocks, bonds, cash, and inflation, assuming that the investments mirrored the performance of their indicated benchmarks.
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Comparative Performance of Stocks and Bonds (Trailing 36-Month Periods)
This chart shows how indexes representing stock and bond performance have outperformed each other at different times during the past 30 years.
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Comparative Performance of Stocks and Bonds (Trailing 60-Month Periods)
This chart shows how indexes representing stock and bond performance have outperformed each other at different times during the past 30 years.
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Performance of All-Stock, All-Bond, and Blended Stock/Bond Portfolios Since 1926
Looking back over investment market history since 1926, just about any investment portfolio has shown positive returns over some 12-month periods and negative returns over others. But for each portfolio, some returns were more likely to have occurred than others. This table shows the distribution of returns that occurred for all-stock, all-bond, and blended stock/bond portfolios, assuming that stock and bond performance mirrored the performance of the indicated benchmarks for each.
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Risk and Return of Single-Asset and Mixed Portfolios Since 1926
This chart compares the risk and return potential associated with investing in stocks or bonds versus investing in portfolios that combine the two asset classes, for the period from January 1, 1926, through March 31, 2025. Based on the performance of the indexes that represent those asset classes, a portfolio that blended both might have had a stronger risk-adjusted return than a portfolio that was composed entirely of one or the other.
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Risk and Return of Single-Asset and Mixed Portfolios, Past 10 Years
This chart compares the risk and return potential associated with investing in a single asset class versus investing in portfolios that combine two asset classes, for the period from April 1, 2015, through March 31, 2025. Based on the performance of the indexes that represent those asset classes, a portfolio that blended both might have had a stronger risk-adjusted return than a portfolio that was composed entirely of one or the other.
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Risk and Return of Single-Asset and Mixed Portfolios, Past 30 Years
This chart compares the risk and return potential associated with investing in stocks or bonds versus investing in portfolios that combine the two asset classes, for the period from April 1, 1995, through March 31, 2025. Based on the performance of the indexes that represent those asset classes, a portfolio that blended both might have had a stronger risk-adjusted return than a portfolio that was composed entirely of one or the other.
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Risk and Return of Single-Asset and Mixed Portfolios, Past 50 Years
This chart compares the risk and return potential associated with investing in stocks or bonds versus investing in portfolios that combine the two asset classes, for the period from April 1, 1975, through March 31, 2025. Based on the performance of the indexes that represent those asset classes, a portfolio that blended both might have had a stronger risk-adjusted return than a portfolio that was composed entirely of one or the other.
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